Plagerism

Hi my friends
it is with sadness I have had to take down the workshops which I originally posted for free use by those wishing to continue to learn and evolve.
Sadly a person or persons who shall remain nameless not only copied my work which was freely available and I was fine with that, but they claimed it as their own.
That is plagerism of the worst kind because they are claiming to have walked my path, studied my researches 'as if they were me', and so representing themselves to other people, who trust them as being a tad more evolved than they actually are............
and worse, they are charging money for my work, which I offered freely.
I can't really do what I would like to do, which is point the finger and blame and shame, so I have removed the relevent items being charged for and ask anyone who comes across any of my work being falsely claimed by another to kindly inbox me and I shall deal with it immediately.
thank you
Silver

and the first person to say 'you didn't see that coming' is a frog ! lol

Fairies The Welsh Version.

Throughout British History there is a common theme.of Fairies, the 'little people'. They are not always described the same in shape, build or sometimes even nature and every single fairy I have researched has its counterpart across the world somewhere. 

I'll folIow you, I'll lead you about a round,
Through bog, through bush, through brake through brier,
Sometime a horse I'll be, sometime a hound,
A hog, a headless bear, sometime a fire;
And neigh, and bark, and grunt, and roar, and burn,
Like horse, hound, hog, bear, fire, at every turn
'Midsummer Night's Dream.' Act III., Sc. 3

In Wales, the Welsh Fairy has a history that is a little easier to research. Quite a lot of records concerning Fairies continues to be discovered in little known tracts or you can be reading on an entirely different subject and a fairy story pops up. 

Nearly all of them have some of the traits mentioned in Midsummer Nights Dream and that would be because (so the Welsh claim is) Shakespeare visited Clydach to see Puck Valley. Some even claim the valley is the scene of the original Midsummers Night.

Shakespear is acknowledged to have used Welsh Folk Lore and Fairy Lore heavily in some of his works.

Witt Sykes in his British Goblin 1880' writes very amusingly of Shakespear :-

There is a Welsh tradition to the effect that Shakespeare received his knowledge of the Cambrian fairies from his friend Richard Price, son of Sir John Price, of the priory of Brecon. It is even claimed that Cwm Pwca, or Puck Valley, a part of the romantic glen of the Clydach, in Breconshire, is the original scene of the Midsummer Night's Dream '--a fancy as light ard airy as Puck himself. [According to a letter written by the poet Campbell to Mrs Fletcher, in 1833, and published in her Autobiography, it was thought Shakespeare went in person to see this magic valley. 'It is no later than yesterday', wrote Campbell, 'that I discovered a probability--almost near a certainty-that Shakespeare visited friends in the very town (Brecon in Wales) where Mrs. Siddons was born, and that he there found in a neighbouring glen, called "The Valley of Fairy Puck," the principal machinery of his "Midsummer Night's Dream."

But Shakespear is not the root of the Welsh Fairies popularity, neither is Wiit Sykes the only author to write about them. John Rhys (1900) Celtic Folk Law Welsh and Manx, The Mabinogian (various authors) The Four ancient Books of Wales, to name but a few of text from original sources. There are dozens of books in modern times devoted to the history of the Fairie in Wales. Not pretty little cartoon characters wearing acorn cups for hats and sleeping in flowers, but mischeivous, comical, and some are down right sexy, and several have agendas that bear no good to their victim.

There are 'some' common themes however. Welsh Fairies are often described as being :-

Small handsome creatures in human form; very kind and generous to humans who treat them well. and  revengful towards those who to treat them badly.

They are dressed very often in white and sometimes in green, are very fair of face, other records state the colours worn are many, the female fairies often being described as so beautiful that human beings could fall in love with them on sight.
Frequently humans are reffered to as 'mortal' giving the impression and occasionally desribing Fairie as immortal or magical.

In The tale The Lady of LLyn ffan Ffach  (pronounced Clhin fan fackh )the Fairie who live in the lake is described as

"one of the most beautiful creatures that mortal eyes ever beheld, her hair flowed gracefully in ringlets over her shoulders, the tresses of which she arranged with a comb."

The Lady bears sons and they become famous physicians……She gifts them bags filled with special herbs…..

"and revealed to them their medicinal qualities or virtues ; and the knowledge she imparted to them, together with their unrivalled skill, soon caused them to attain such celebrity that none ever possessed before them. And in order that their knowledge should not be lost, they wisely committed the same to writing for the benefit of mankind throughout all ages."

There are several versions of the Myddfai Legend. In the " Cambro Briton ' Vol. II., pages 313-315, we have a version in which it is stated that the farmer used to go near the lake and see some lambs he had bought at a fair, and that wherever he so went three most beautiful maidens appeared to him from the lake. But whenever he tried to catch them they ran away into the lake, saying:

"Cras dy fara,

Anhawdd em dala."

(For thee who eatest baked bread It is difficult to catch us.)

Fairies where given the credit for providing mankind with a wealth of knowledge. Sometimes accredited with stealing youths to teach them,.

Dancing was a popular enchantment used by Fairies to entrap people.

Commonly thought to dance ‘on the green’ or within Fairy Circles which where a common sight.

The circles in the grass of green fields are still called "Cylchau y Tylwyth Teg'

The Fairies were "things under the earth,"  generally supposed to dwell in the lower regions, especially beneath lakes, where their country towns and castles were situated :

The people on the coasts of Pembroke shire believe that they inhabited certain enchanted green isles of the sea.

The green meadows of the sea, called in the old Welsh Triads Gwerddonau Llion, are the : The Green Fairy Isles."

" Wilt Sikes, in his "British Goblin?,,1 'page 8, says that there are sailors on the coasts of Pembrokeshire, and southern Carmarthenshire who still talk of the green meadows of enchantment, which are visible sometimes to the eyes of mortals, but only for a brief space, and they suddenly vanish.

Also in the same book is a claim that :- a turf from St. David's Churchyard to stand upon enabled one to behold the enchanted lands of the Fairies; but according to traditions in other parts of the country, it seems that a certain spot in Cemmes was the requisite platform, to see these  beings who were known in some parts as Plant Rhys Ddwfn (Children of Rhys the Deep).

In the Brython, Vol. I., page 130, Gwynionydd says as follows :

" There is a tale current in Dyfed, that there is, or rather that there has been a country between Cemmes, the Northern Hundred of Pembrokeshire, and Aberdaron in Lleyn. The chief patriarch

of the inhabitants was Rhys Ddwfn, and his descendants used to be called after him the Children of Rhys Ddwfn. They were, it is said, a handsome race enough, but remarkably small in size. It is stated that certain herbs of a strange nature grew in their land, so that they were able to keep their

country from being seen by even the most sharp-sighted invaders.

In older times the common held belief of the Welsh was that the next life was reached under the sea. Many tales tell of seeing a land beneath the waves, of fair beauty, with lush green field and all was fair. The Fairie Folk were considered part of that realm and able to entice humans to dissappear into it and never return.

Wirt Sykes in his book British Goblins (1880) wrote:-

The fairies of Wales may be divided into five classes, if analogy be not too sharply insisted on. Thus we have, I. The Ellyllon, or elves; 2. The Coblynau, or mine fairies; 3. The Bwbachod, or household fairies; 4. The Gwragedd Annwn, or fairies of the lakes and streams; and 5. The Gwyllion, or mountain fairies.

The Pygmy Elf is named as Ellyllon haunting groves and hollows and the subject of a great many accusations of every kind of devilry and good deed and all inbetween.

Fairies were in days past totally believed in, marsh gas was the light f the fairies, or the fairies themselves attempting to lead mortals to their deaths in the marshes. Other fairies were feared for leading mortals astray in forests. By the same token, tales are told of the reverse, fairies leading mortals to safety from both environments.

This short article is not meant to give you your fill of Welsh Fairies, there is so much more. A taste, a morsel, to sit lightly on the mind and place a smile upon your lips. Seek the Fairies of Wales in your researches and read the amazing tales and records of sightings and leave your dreams free to visit the Land of Fairy.

Dream and Intuition. article and WORKSHOP

Albert Einstein, Robert Louis Stevenson, Mary Shelley, to name just three famous people whose 'dreams' and intuitions gave the world an invention, a discovery. Frederick Banting dreamt of how to make Insulin. The Ouroboros is a snake symbolism which August Kekule dreamt of...leading to the discovery of Benzine having a circular molecule (all other compounds were linear) which impacted on Chemistry massively.

Srinivasa Ramanujan dreamt of a sheet of blood, a hand writing in the blood and the Hindu Goddess Namakkal repeatedly arrived in his dreams with mathmatical formulii. He often reffered to his dreams and the information he gained , his revelations of infinity are his gift to the world. Otto Loewi dreamt twice, forgetting the first time, much to his frustration, a method to display his theory and revelations that nerves transmitted via chemical not electrical impulse. Perhaps one of the most profound moments in history.

The key word is...revelations, information which astounded, amazed and was memorable to the dreamer.

There are enough people of stature, credible status having spoken, recorded, made statements of the impact a dream has had in their work; to enable a perfectly sensible and genuine validation of dreams and the information they produce being of great importance to Humanity.

Their dreams displayed mathmatical formulii as with Ramanujan and his infinite Pi. Or Einsteins Theory of Relativity,. Some of our most famous scientists have revealed the enormous influence their dreams had on forming their theories and concepts.

Dreams can be very difficult on occasion, the brain presents symbols or images which seemingly are unrelated. From what is understood currently a dream could be displaying the 'clearing house' going on in your records department. Or then again it may be solving an issue you have been worrying about and presents the solution in a format you should be able to understand fully. Of course 'we' as humans have a tendancy to analyse the analysis of the analysis instead of seeing the first value, of our dream sequence for what it is...a simple way of saying ..........

 I believe that premonition and presentience are often the mis labelling of a very finely honed intuition which, given room to develop can change your life dramatically. Artist reveal their work by expressing themselves on canvas or clay and so on, many have referred to the inspiration stemming from a dream, an image that wouldn't fade away, demanding notice.

You have one specific thing to do...........let yourself dream.

The following is my very simple understanding of the complexities of dreams and where they 'may' stem from, in their creativity of displaying an important message for you to take on board.:-

We know factually that our concious and sub concious selves , occasionally have difficulty in communicating with our 'self' in a way we can undertsand immediately. In a dream , the 'self' is not in control. The sub concious and concious mind can communicate without our 'self' interfering, halting or jumping to conclusion without true understanding. Our very intelligent sub concious, the filing system for so much knowledge, finally gets to say to the concious mind...shut up, watch, listen and learn...this is how it is:-

INTUITION

Here is part of our dream package. It is the dream which can reveal our intuitions in a greater detail, in a much better format. Not a simple butterfly in the stomach moment, a fully created visual display of what your sub concious has been screaming at you along taut nerve endings all day long.

I believe that pre sentience or premonition is often more logically intuition , which isn't 'plucked from the air'. It is the result of complex memories,information stored, and our own ability to create from that information a likely result, a probable event ...with a greater certainty. Have we listened...no, so we end up with the butterfly in the stomach which can become the small herd of elephants as we approach an incident, a situation, a problem having ignored the messages our sub concious has been 'sending'  and eventulally resorted to a simple signal...'oy' with that pit in the stomach reaction.

Honing the intuition signals is important, it releases so much angst and fears and allows the self to rely on our own instincts and indeed to allow ourselves to dream with ease, remember with detail and reveal to our own needs the messages our subconcious has had so much difficulty giving us.

DEVELOPING YOUR INTUITION.

Never decry a ‘woman’s intuition’, accepted throughout the world as a true phenomena, intuition is not the exclusive dominion of women. Intuition is the additional skills of the human mind which has been the subject for inumerable studies. The ‘sixth sense’ the inner self giving off warning signals. Ignore them at your own peril.

How many people have said ‘I just KNEW it’ and then failed to act on whatever it was they ‘just knew’ and paid the consequences.

If one listens to the inner voice, the instinct and the imagery constantly playing in the mind, or the ‘niggles’ at the back of your thoughts then it will always serve you well.

By this I do not mean you must turn yourself into a worry wort, whose entire life is ruled by ‘thoughts’, ‘feelings’, and the ‘ heeby jeebies’,. I mean that the true inner voice is a combination of the sub conscious having realised there is an important fact you are missing and trying to signal you. That your conscious mind has perceived something of importance and you’re ignoring it, and that your true sixth sense has ‘felt’ an energy, a disturbance or abundance of information and the three parts of you are combining their energy and demanding attention.

HONING INTUITIONS

Firstly define your experiences.

Are they dreams, thoughts, feelings, nebulous responses of emotion? Are you someone who gets ‘hunches’ or instinctual responses that always seem to benefit you?

Once you have defined the actual responses you have a chance to hone them into tip top condition.

Start keeping a diary of your ‘feelings’, write them down as clearly and as fully as you can. Try placing dates or times around these intuitions as to when they will be fulfilled. If you want to go the whole ‘hog’ as it where, then copy it all out twice and put it in two separate envelopes which you seal, one to be opened eventually as the intuition forms in reality; one with tape across the edges and the name and address written across the whole to show it has not been tampered with, signing across the apertures sealed edges.

This might seem a lot of trouble, but in the years to come, as your intuitions, your ‘sixth sense’, becomes honed and active and dependable. You will have a proper record, incontrovertible proof via date stamps and sealed written recordings, all of which upholds your claim and your veracity as a student of the developing mind.

When your ‘hunch’ or whatever sense is active has paid off, become truth, then you write down the times, dates, what happened and so forth. Into your diary. You can see for yourself the truth of what you ‘saw or felt’ and begin to re-define the skill by comparing the reality with the record in your first envelope.

Maybe you need to be more confident. Perhaps you have mis understood an image but it is still relevant, you will understand with more clarity. Remember all this for the next time.  You have proofs in the form of your diary and envelopes which enforces your trust.

Try to give yourself time to yourself. When you have this ‘time out’ you can think of your intuitions and see if you can trigger them off deliberately by thinking of a subject and allowing your intuition to respond. Meditation is a good way of allowing this sense to come to the fore front of your mind.

Try ‘dream counselling’. Before you go to sleep, allow your mind to think of a particular situation or problem you are trying to solve. Either for your self or someone close. Now instruct your brain (tell yourself) that you wish to have an answer in the form of a dream because you want to go to sleep.

Your subconscious will continue to work out the problem while you sleep, you may actually dream the resolution or wake up with a complete certainty as to the course of action you need to take. This is a wonderful technique and in the past many people have used this method to solve problems. Or indeed, to make new discoveries. Start to add these experiences into your diary.

A very simple way to expand and strengthen your intuitions, begin to trust them and in doing so, of course, you are creating a stronger sense of yourself. It is a way to validate your view of the world, and its impact on you. 

Naturally there will be times that intuition is in over play and you can learn to halt it, to cut across the fear impulses which may be rooted in past experiences which were negative and have become too strong in the concious mind. If your intuitive senses are 'used to being ignored' the fear signals will just get bigger and bigger, creating anxiety and perhaps becoming so strong it could incapacitate your normal life experiences.

Because you had previously ignored those intuitive responses to information being gathered, perhaps your sub concious mind overplayed the signals...check it out, look closely at where those fear impulses came from, what made up the 'package' being delivered.

Intuition is a gut response, so we think, but in truth it is a signal from the whole of the minds information gathering and is signalling you.

WHEN IT ISN'T INTUITION BUT TRUE PREMONITION

Sixth Sense or not that is the question............................

Let yourself begin to trust your instinct. The gut reaction of someone is the true self and the truth of the self shouldn’t be ignored because then you are living a lie. Let your intuitions guide you in issues where you are uncertain. Think ‘out loud’ the various solutions to a question, your stomach will ‘sink’ or your chest will ‘tighten’ as your inner self reacts to the solutions you have thought of.

You can always toss a coin over the solutions and even if you don’t do as the flip tells you, your inner reactions will respond to the head or tail and give you further insight.

But how to discover if you have the true 'art' of Premonition, not intuitive skills above the norm, but the real McCoy...plucking unlikely events from the ether and they ARE.

Schrodingers Cat in the box is it alive, is it dead, does it exist...opening the box in your head, not physically and making a statement of facts as you perceive them, THEN opening the box and determining the truth...is premonition (if your proven right).

Proving the Cat exists:-

The inner self is becoming stronger by now. Try it out, in a safe way. For example, take a bus ride in a town you don’t usually visit and get off in the very centre of the town. Now where does your instinct say the museum is? The art gallery? What do your instincts say? Another way would be to stick a pin in a map you have turned face down, of an area you haven’t visited before and with out researching it, describe what the area looks like.

Turn the map over and find the location, now drive down there and check it out. You might have described a tree or a shop and when you get there it is a park or a tourist place which of course is not indicated on the map but from sight the map may have said ‘built up area’.

Don’t be misled. You might end up in a very busy part of the town and your sixth sense had said there was a huge mountain; just as your about to turn away you could see a huge cinema display for Lord of the Rings with the mountains of Moria in the back ground ! 

Think ‘outside the box’, it isn’t always the truth but the truth isn’t always as we have seen it. But it is still the truth.

It seems odd to acknowledge your inner senses, your sixth sense as a separate entity to yourself. Yet if you say a quiet  thank you, express gratitude to your inner self, and your sixth sense. It is a psychological ‘trick’, you are giving yourself approbation, gratitude and thanks which will uphold the sense and the inner self and really, you will feel quite good about yourself.

If you have proven to yourself that your intuitions are reliable, you are a richer personality for that discovery and approbation, if you have discovered your ability to develop a sixth sense it is an enrichment of your selfs worth.

Ultimately the result is your intuition skill, will become more confident in expressing itself which means confidence grows, insight becomes part of the daily life and as this increases, then your sixth sense takes its place along side the other senses and is used as much. To your benefit.

The added bonus is an enriched dream event, more details, better communication with the self and the needs of the self.

If however, what you also have is the skill of Premonition, Pre- sentience that is a different 'kettle of fish' as they say in the UK. Covered by an entirely different workshop, which you can only access, once you have verified your truths of your intuitive self worth. The 7th Sense is often confusing, sometimes great to have, occasionally frightening and now and again dangerous......more on that later in the year.

SILVER

PS I am not an expert in any way whatsoever in psychology or associated skills. This work is simply my perception as a working psychic as to how to improve the inner workings of the mind as a psychic person , who had to wade through hundreds of articles, advice and implement a way for myself to develop without damaging my own self. This article describes my own journey. You have your own mind, thoughts and evaluations...they are as vaid as my own and you should listen 'to your own intuitions' and research.

Meditation and other methods of improving the sense of the self have been used throughout the centuries via concepts, religions and many diverse methods. Often they have been successful.

If however, you suffer from any form of mental illness I would recommend you discuss your needs with your support network.If you propose to attempt the work in this article discuss them thoroughly with your own medical advisor or Doctor or support team.

God, Karma and Freedom of Choice

Light versus Dark Harlech beach 2012

I don't believe in karma as such, it is an eastern philosophy which doesn't 'fit' into my personal credo, Many Westerners say blithely 'karma will get them' when discussing someone's horrible actions towards another person or sentient being. But if that is a truth, then surely the rest of it applies. One cannot cherry pick when karma happens. If the past is 'paid back' for past sins then a two year old thrown in the sea and drowning, is also responsible for its demise because it did something awful in its past life...all two years of it. I can't accept that.

Freedom of Choice is a human blessing, or curse dependent on your views. I believe much of what we blame 'God' for, and a great deal of our own suffering is purely the logical outcome of our using freedom of choice...badly.

I cannot believe the human soul needs to choose to learn how it feels to be murdered, tortured, starve to death. Because that is truly what Karma is saying, that the past actions of a six month old baby starving to death is of its own cause, its own fault. That the baby may be the victim of something its soul enacted in a previous life, which it is paying for in this life....doesn't fit into my perception of human spiritual growth and its need to evolve.

I believe there is such a thing as destiny, I do believe if we do something awful, 9 times out of 10 it will catch us up and we end up having to learn the lessons attached to that action, not as karma so much as a result of , human behaviour and the complexities of the human condition.

I do however believe in a Tynged (Welsh) ,which is more commonly known by the Irish"Doom, Fate, Destiny".a Geis or Geas which is an obligation, a curse, a blessing, a path......which a person can have gifted them,cursed them. Of course this can come to mean many things in life, by being responsible for our own actions it is possible to see how some of our actions could have been better chosen, better enacted. Tynged is the choice of response, not the situation.

How would one then understand a doom, it is not necessarily a doom of great sorrows, one may be doomed to live in a town when the heart wants the country...the doom can only be lifted by seeing the need to move to a place of greater tranquillity and then the Tynged becomes a challenge to obtain that freedom. But it is challenge-able, it CAN change.

 A man can change his stars!

Destiny can and does place much in our paths the lesson is always to understand the freedom of choice in how we accept or deny that destiny or that fate. Unless, other humans have intervened and impinged slavery or dominance, by their own choices they are doing this to another human. That makes them evil, and vile humans. Which needs to be addressed by other humans. It is not caused by God or Gods, it is caused by mankind's greed or desire to dominate. Blaming God for such actions is unfair on God. Freedom of will is the culprit.

The acts of nature which cause a tree  to fall and kill someone is not a fate, a destiny or a doom, it is an act of nature.

Someone doing something horrible to you is not fate, destiny or doom either, it is that persons freedom of will which has been exerted on you...the lesson possibly being that you were aware they where a nasty individual, or a crafty individual and could have halted such an act by forethought and preparation or actions of your own.

If that were not true, if you were truly weaker and in a situation were you are unable to choose your own responses then you have been enslaved. That is political, it is human dominance and again...not Gods fault, human kinds fault. With no personal responsibility to answer too, no correction of their behaviour the dominant person has become a tyrant. That is not Gods Fault either.

To be murdered, raped, robbed, is not your fate it is another human being enacting their own freedom of will , it is not the Gods province, it is a Human province and the need for better policing, education or whatever else would provide a safer world is for humans to create of their own free will.

This is a very small amount of information concerning Tynged, it is a matter which has caused many discussions over many years and still is not fully understood in its entirety. As an example many would say that becoming a victim of someone else's behaviour is not 'fair' and it isn't, but it is still human and as such the humans province. To choose not to be the victim of a nasty human deed is to choose to fight for your rights for instance, or see a solicitor or speak the truth in a public place and so many other diverse actions...but they are human not divine.

WHY I DON'T BELIEVE IN KARMA

Because karma is a term loosely used it is not fully understood by western culture and is invoked as 'they will get their karma'The Bhuddist tradition of karma is the following :-

In this world nothing happens to a person that he does not for some reason or other deserve. Usually, men of ordinary intellect cannot comprehend the actual reason or reasons. The definite invisible cause or causes of the visible effect is not necessarily confined to the present life, they may be traced to a proximate or remote past birth.

According to Buddhism, this inequality is due not only to heredity, environment, "nature and nurture", but also to Karma. In other words, it is the result of our own past actions and our own present doings. We ourselves are responsible for our own happiness and misery. We create our own Heaven. We create our own Hell. We are the architects of our own fate.

And I cannot believe that a child deserves to be starved to death or that the child caused itself to be starved to death, or that a woman deserves to be raped because she did something so awful in a past life she does not remember;to be raped and all the other many horrors mankind perpetrates upon each other.

Would any rational being actually choose to have acid thrown in their face, have their skin melt into an unrecognisable form and live a life of such painful and debilitating aspects. Would a rational human soul actually choose to return to this earth knowing they will be raped, sodomised, butchered, used, abused, tortured,starve to death by the time they are 3 months old ? how would a soul of that age in a body that age learn anything at all. It pre - supposes that the soul will turn to its soul state having understood the pain (when the human body cuts out at a certain level and becomes unconscious) at 3 months of age, before it could possibly have any human capabilities of anything much beyond 'feed me', 'give me a cuddle'. I don't disbelieve that Karma is a very real status and concept of belief in an age old religion, adhered too by many. Nor do I think this 'as a belief' has no place within that religion. I just think the fact so many 'cherry pick' without truly understanding what they are accepting is damaging to the eventual growth of both understanding and evolving.

I am not so much unconvinced, as unwilling to follow a concept without understanding it much more than I do currently. My personal understanding at present, is limited to researching the concepts, trying to discuss with true followers of religions that have karma as part of its structure. I understand Tynged, accept it is part of my human condition, that at some point, events will happen and as a result other events will evolve. But I am not blaming God, and I do know...I have to think before I make my choices as to what is the likely consequences of my actions. Personal Responsibility.

God did not make me 'do' anything, freedom of my own will...does. As a result of my actions, other things will happen. My fault;mea culpa. Not fate or destiny, not Gods fault, my own. Uncomfortable to think of sometimes, but truthful. My choices make me who I am and what happens , even out of the blue stuff, can more often than not, be traced back to a previous action. Not always but mostly and when it is almost 'fateful' as I perceive it, then my Tynged is working for me, and it is time to apply the lessons of my own remembered past, the wisdom of my elders and the observations of my world to be put together and of my own free will..........I choose my actions knowing there will be a reaction as a result.